AccScience Publishing / BIJP / Volume 15 / Issue 1 / DOI: 10.29228/beytulhikme.76299
Cite this article
3
Views
Related Info Links
More by Authors Links
Journal Browser
Volume | Year
Issue
Search
News and Announcements
View All
RESEARCH ARTICLE

An Investigation on the Concept of “Utility” Based on Al-Ghazali's Text “Zemm of Jâh and Riyâ”

İLİM ESRA TİTİZ1
Show Less
1 Bingöl Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Felsefe Bölümü 75002, Bingöl, Türkiye
BIJP 2025, 15(1), 269–288; https://doi.org/10.29228/beytulhikme.76299
Received: 30 April 2024 | Published online: 25 March 2025
© 2025 by the Authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
Abstract

This study analyses the concept of “utility” through the thought of al-Ghazali. The article argues that the concept of “utility” can be formulated as “that which brings the incomplete closer to the complete” with reference to al-Ghazali's understanding of 'kemal' in his text “Zemm of Jâh and Riyâ”. Analysing al-Ghazali's distinction between useful and useless knowledge reveals a similar structure. For al-Ghazali, the incompleteness of the one who wants to know comes between the one who wants to be known (object) and the one who wants to know (subject). Every human being desires to eliminate the incompleteness in his being and thus become an complete (kāmil). However, it seen that both knowledge and individual action are not absolute, since the form and degree of incomplete is different for each person who desires to be complete. In order to understand whether something is beneficial or not, it is necessary to look at what deficiency it will fill in the individual. The results of the study show that for al-Ghazali, the condition for something to be “useful” depends on whether it is a “need” that brings the person closer to what is truly complete.

Keywords
Al-Ghazali
Kemal
utility
desire
individuality.
References
  1. Al-Daghistani, S. (2021). Ethical Teachings of Abu Hamid al-Ghazali - Economics of Happiness. Anthem Press.
  2. Erek, İ. E. (2021). Gazali'de İnsan ve Hakikat. Aktif Düşünce Yayıncılık.
  3. Ergün, B. K. (2020). Gazâlî Düşüncesinde İnsanın Kemali. İlem Yayınları.
  4. Eyuboğlu, İ. Z. (2020). Türk Dilinin Etimoloji Sözlüğü. In Türk Dilinin Etimoloji Sözlüğü.
  5. Gazâlî. (1971). Meâricül’l-Kuds [Mukaddes Merdivenler] (Y. Arıkan, Trans.). Eskin Matbaası.
  6. Gazâlî. (1974a). İhyâu ‘Ulûmi'd-Dîn (A. Serdaroğlu, Trans.; Vol. 3). Huzur Yayınevi.
  7. Gazâlî. (1974b). İhyau Ulumi'd-Din. Huzur Yayınevi.
  8. Gazâlî. (2005). Filozofların Tutarsızlığı. Klasik.
  9. Gazâlî. (2017a). Kimyâ-yı Saadet (A. Arslan, Trans.). Merve Yayınları.
  10. Gazâlî. (2017b). Mişkatü'l Envar [Nur Metafiziği] (A. C. Köksal, Trans.). Büyüyeay Yayınları.
  11. Gazâlî. (2017c). Mustasfa. Klasik.
  12. Gazâlî. (2018a). El-iktisâd fi’l-i’tikâd [İtikadda Orta Yol] (O. Demir, Trans.). Klasik.
  13. Gazâlî. (2018b). El Munkız'ul Mine'dalal [Dalaletten Çıkış Yolu] (O. Arpaçukuru, Trans.). Beyan.
  14. James, W. (2019). Pragmatizm (F. B. Aydar, Trans.). İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları.
  15. Mes’ud, C. (2024). faide. In er-Râid. Retrieved 28.02.2024, from almaany.com
  16. Musa, İ. (2018). Gazali ve İmgelem Poetikası (Ç. Taşkın, Trans.). Hece Yayınları.
  17. Mustafa, v. d. (2024). faide. In el-Mu‘cemu’l-Vasît. almaany.com
  18. Özdemir, M. (2011). Alternatif Gazzâlî Epistemolojisi Okumaları İçin Bir Deneme: Toplumsal Önkoşullu Bir Bağlamda ‘Cedel’ ve ‘Keşf’in Anlamı. Fırat Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(2).
  19. Utility. In. (2024). Cambridge Dictionary. Retrieved 01.03.2024, from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/utility.
Share
Back to top
Beytulhikme An International Journal of Philosophy, Print ISSN: 1303-8303, Published by AccScience Publishing