The study takes into consideration the relationship between responsibility and freedom, which is set forth within the framework of moral philosophy in a historical-factual and systematic way. For this purpose, firstly, we determine the distinction between concepts of ethics and morality. Then, we deal with the conceptualization and meaning of the relationship between responsibility and freedom within the framework of specific ethical theories, both traditionally and historically. Furthermore, we examine in particular the role of individualism or subjectivity, which is at the core of the concepts of moral responsibility and freedom.  On the other hand, the study determines the basic aspects and the relationship between freedom and responsibility within the framework of the post-modern ethical approach, that questions and removes modern rationality and certainty as well as modern individuality and subjectivity. Thus, the study focuses on the concept of responsibility and freedom which has been laid down on the basis of some basic ethical theories from the past to the present, and some conceptual and contextual basic determinations are made depending on the transformation of this understanding. Thus, the study focuses on the concept of responsibility and freedom, developed by some basic ethical theories of the past and present, and, in accordance with the genesis of these concepts, puts forward some basic conceptual and contextual definitions.