In The Topology of Violence, Byung-Chul Han analyses the concept of violence, beyond its commonly understood form, in a multidimensional structure and in dept. Emphasising that contemporary societies produce violence at structural and symbolic levels as well as physical violence, Han discusses the phases of violence from its classical forms in the archaic period to its new and invisible forms in the contemporary period. Macrophysical violence, which is a representation of the violence of negativity, is disintegrative, extroverted and open, whereas microphysical violence, which is a representation of the violence of positivity, is collective, introverted and implicit. According to Han, the reason for the crisis of world society is the sameness of everything. These similarities, which are not perceived as violence because of their positivity, are more dangerous than the violence of negativity. Jean Baudrillard has similar views with Han on the danger of positivity. However, Han criticises Baudrillard and claims that he does not understand the violence of positivity. Han's concept of the terror of sameness is similiar to George Ritzer's theme of standardization. Both thinkers criticise the impoverishment of human experience and the uniformity of human experience in contemporary society by eliminating individual diversity.