Embodiement of Freedom Through Art: Ancient Greek Tragedies
Schelling, who sees freedom as the fundamental problem of philosophy and argues that it can only gain reality in its relationship with necessity, evaluates tragedy, especially Ancient Greek tragedies, as the highest form of art, comparing it with plastic arts because they offer a solution to the possibility of freedom. According to him, ancient Greek tragedies are the most concrete expressions of the possibility of freedom in their relationship with necessity and, in fact, with fate. In the tragedies mentioned, the hero pursues his freedom by fighting against a fate that he can never defeat. Defeat is inevitable in this struggle, but fighting knowing that you will be defeated is the highest form of action. While this action points to the basis for the possibility of freedom, it will also show that freedom is a decision regarding existence and that art mediates this.
- Beistegui, M. & Simon, S. (2000). Introduction. İçinde M. de Beistegui & S. Sparks (Ed.), Philosophy and Tragedy (ss. 1-8). Routledge.
- Bektaş, O. E. (2022). Özgürlüğün Olanağı Olarak Yaratıcı Eylem: Schelling’in Dogmatizm ve Kritisizm Üzerine Felsefi Mektuplar’ı Üzerine Bir Analiz. Temaşa Erciyes Üniversitesi Felsefe Bölümü Dergisi, 17, 158-170. https://doi.org/10.55256/temasa.1092995
- Bektaş, O. E. (2023). Özgürlüğe Yolculuk: Schelling’in Erken Dönem Düşüncesi Üzerine Kısa Bir İnceleme. Sentez Yayıncılık.
- Billings, J. (2014). Genealogy of the Tragic: Greek Tragedy and German Philosophy. Princeton University Press.
- Dastur, F. (2005). Tragedy and Speculation. İçinde S. Sparks & M. de Beistegui (Ed.), Philosophy and Tragedy (ss. 76-85). Routledge.
- Distaso, L. V. (2004). The Paradox of Existence: Philosophy and Aesthetics in the Young Schelling. Springer Science & Business Media.
- Friedman, S. (2020). German Idealism and Tragic Maturity. Critical Review, 32(4), 458-492. https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2020.1942424
- Goldhill, S. (2014). The Ends of Tragedy: Schelling, Hegel, and Oedipus. PMLA, 129(4), 634-648. https://doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2014.129.4.634
- Kant, I. (1974). Kritik der Urteilskraft (W. Weischedel, Ed.). Shurkamp.
- Ostaric, L. (2020). Nature as the World of Action, Not of Speculation. İçinde G. Anthony Bruno (Ed.), Schelling’s Philosophy Freedom, Nature, and Systematicity (ss. 11-31). Oxford University Press.
- Sánta, B. (2017). Action Hero vs. Tragic Hero: First Blood, Cultural Criticism, and Schelling’s Theory of Tragedy. Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies (HJEAS), 23(2), 331-346.
- Schelling, F. W. J. (1859). Sämmtliche Werke (K. F. A. Schelling, Ed.). J.G. Cotta.
- Schelling, F. W. J. (2017). Sanat Felsefesi (M. Ertene & S. Arslan, Çev.). Doğu Batı Yayınları.
- Schmidt, D. J. (2001). On Germans and other Greeks: Tragedy and Ethical Life. Indiana University Press.
- Snow, D. E. (1996). Schelling and the End of Idealism. SUNY Press.
- Sofokles. (2017). Eski Yunan Tragedyaları 3-Kral Oidipus (G. Dilmen, Çev.). Mitos-Boyut Tiyatro Yayınları.
- Staiger, E. (1963). Grundbegriffe der Poetik. Atlantis.
- Szondi, P. (2001). An Essay on the Tragic. Stanford University Press.
- Toscano, A. (1999). Fanaticism and Production: On Schelling’s Philosophy of Indifference. Pli: The Warwick Journal of Philosophy, 8, 46-70.
- Young, J. (2013). The Philosophy of Tragedy: From Plato to Žižek. Cambridge University Press.
- Zimmermann, B. (2011). Über das Tragische bei den Griechen. İçinde L. Hühn & P. Schwab (Ed.), Die Philosophie des Tragischen (ss. 133-142). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110216639.133