The highly destructive earthquake that took place in Lisbon in 1755 prompted the thinkers of the age to think about this issue, especially in the context of theodicy. In this discussion, there are two sides, although it is not separated from each other with clear lines. The first is the line that defends the Providence drawn by Augustinus and later Leibniz in the context of theodicy. Alexander Pope follows this line in his Essay On Man poem. Voltaire, who is on the opposite line, criticizes and partially ridicules Leibniz's and Pope's "all is well" idea with her poéme sur le désastre de Lisbonne. Immediately after the publication of Voltaire's poem, Rousseau writes a letter attacking the thoughts expressed in the poem against Providence and delivers it to Voltaire through a mutual friend. This letter, which we translated, conveys Rousseau's attitude towards Voltaire on the one hand, but on the other hand, takes on a philosophical quality with her critical attitude that deals with the claims in the poem one by one. In this sense, it can be read as a philosophical defense of Providence made by Rousseau.