This study aims to reevaluate Kınalızade’s Akhlaq-i Ala’i (Sublime Ethics) with perspectives of modern political thought and international relations. Kınalızade lived in a period in which the modern state system had not yet been founded, the international law had not been institutionalized, and the early practices of the modern diplomacy had just begun to be experienced in Northern Italy. Despite this, Akhlaq-i Ala’i deserves to be re-evaluated, because it was both influenced by philosophical accumulation since Ancient Greece and is a useful guide for many contemporary political issues. Kınalızade’s legacy is also important for anyone who wants to understand war, the nature of the conflict, the role of justice and order, and the principle of pacta sund servanda. He believed that interactions between different units were not driven by the conflict. By touching upon the state and the virtue of state, he went beyond his contemporaries and even his predecessors in some respects. Akhlaq-i Ala’i should be considered as a work that continues to shed light from the 16th century in terms of war, peace, diplomacy and moral-based foreign policy in international relations and studies in political theory while defining the political field and the features of the leaders.