AccScience Publishing / BIJP / Volume 16 / Issue 1 / DOI: 10.29228/beytulhikme.87623
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RESEARCH ARTICLE

‘Theory of Recognition’ as the Basis of Pathological Distortions in the Texture of Social Reality: J.Butler and P. Freire’s Reading of Hegel 

Bahtinur Möngü1 Nurhaya Çalışkan Akçetin2 Mustafa Bingöl1
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1 Erzurum Teknik Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Felsefe Bölümü 25050, Erzurum, Türkiye
2 Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi, İlahiyat Fakültesi, Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri Bölümü 48000, Muğla, Türkiye
BIJP 2026, 16(1), 207–228; https://doi.org/10.29228/beytulhikme.87623
Received: 6 October 2025 | Published online: 10 March 2026
© 2026 by the Authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
Abstract

The aim of this study is to re-examine Hegel’s theory of recognition through an analysis of J. Butler’s feminist thought and P. Freire’s critical pedagogy. In this context, it investigates whether the theory of recognition can be interpreted as a source of pathological distortions inherent in social reality and whether such distortions can be resolved within a Hegelian dialectical framework. In this study, first the concept of pathology, then the philosophies of Hegel, J. Butler and P. Frieri will be briefly discussed, and an analysis and evaluation will be carried out by making comparisons within this framework. In light of the analyses and evaluations, this study argues that, while recognition may underlie pathological tendencies in social reality, it also carries the potential to evolve into a biopolitical discourse, indicating that such solutions may lie beyond the limits of Hegelian dialectics.

Keywords
Recognition
pathology
freedom
alienation
othering
gender
education.
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Beytulhikme An International Journal of Philosophy, Print ISSN: 1303-8303, Published by AccScience Publishing