This study examines the idea of contract (synthekē) attributed to the Sophist Lycophron in Aristotle’s Politics (III, 1280b). A significant portion of our limited knowledge about Lycophron relies on Aristotle’s account. Modern social contract theory found its classical formulation in the seventeenth century through assumptions such as the rational and rights-bearing individual, will, the distinction between the state of nature and civil society, and the grounding of political legitimacy in contract. In this respect, it is well known that the idea of contract did not emerge in Ancient Greece under the same conceptual and social conditions, since recognition and rights were not attached to the individual in the modern sense but were instead embedded in status-based citizenship. Nevertheless, the distinction between agreement (homologēthenta) and contract (synthekē), which becomes visible within Sophistic debates on physis and nomos, makes it possible to trace certain early elements of contractual thinking. Accordingly, before turning to Lycophron, who is often considered the first thinker to employ synthekē in a philosophical sense, resembling contract the study examines in detail how these concepts were grounded within Sophistic thought. It then discusses the rationale behind Aristotle’s presentation of Lycophron in light of the relevant interpretative literature. Finally, the study identifies points of connection between these discussions and modern social contract theory, aiming to clarify Lycophron’s place within the history of philosophy as an early figure in contractual thought without anachronistically identifying him with modern contract theorists.