Related Info Links
More by Authors Links
News and Announcements
RESEARCH ARTICLE
From Recognition to Knowledge: A Study on Modes of Human Cognition
Show Less
1 Necmettin Erbakan, İlahiyat Fakültesi, Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri Bölümü 42090, Konya,
Türkiye
2 Selçuk Üniversitesi, İlahiyat Fakültesi, Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri Bölümü 42130, Konya,
Türkiye
Received: 2 November 2024 | Published online: 29 December 2024
© 2024 by the Authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
Abstract
The article presents a distinction between the cognitive processes of knowing and recognizing from a variety of philosophical, psychological, and religious perspectives. The term "recognition" is used to describe an intuitive awareness or instinctive grasp of fundamental properties, whereas the term "knowledge" is used to denote a more profound conceptual understanding that emerges from experience and analysis. This research draws upon philosophical theories such as Plato's anamnesis and theological concepts such as fitrah and sensus divinitatis. This article examines the ways in which these processes complement each other in shaping moral awareness and intellectual development. It emphasizes the role of both empirical and logical structures in understanding the acquisition and verification of knowledge. The analysis posits that knowing and recognition are inextricably linked components of human cognition, and that both play a role in existential understanding and the validity of moral judgments.
Keywords
Logic
knowledge
recognition
fitrah
sensus divinitatis.
References
- Anscombe, G. E. M. (2000). Intention (2nd edition). Harvard University Press.
- Aristo. (1996). Organon IV: İkinci Analitikler (H. R. Atademir, Trans.). MEB.
- Bloom, P. (2007). Just Babies: The Origins of Good and Evil (First Edition). Crown.
- Bruening, W. H. (1971). Moore and “Is-Ought.” Ethics, 81(2), 143–149.
- Calvin, J. (1536). Institutes of the Christian Religion. https://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/institutes.toc.html
- el-Cürcânî, S. Ş. (1985). Kitâbü’t-Tarîfât. Mektebetü Lübnan.
- Emiroğlu, İ. (2004). Klasik Mantığa Giriş. Elis Yayınları.
- Goldman, A. I. (1986). Epistemology and cognition. (pp. viii, 437). Harvard University Press.
- Greene, J. (2013). Moral Tribes: Emotion, Reason, and the Gap Between Us and Them (First Edition). Penguin Press.
- Haidt, J. (2001). The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review, 108(4), 814–834. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.108.4.814
- Haklı, Ş. (2021). Fahreddin er-Râzî’nin Bilgi Teorisi. In Ö. Türker & O. Demir (Eds.), İslam Dŭşüncesinin Dönüşüm Çağında Fahreddin er-Râzî (3. basım). Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı Yayınları.
- Hamlin, J. K., Wynn, K., & Bloom, P. (2007). Social evaluation in preverbal infants. Nature, 450(7169), 557–559. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06288
- Hökelekli, H. (1996). Fıtrat. In Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (Vol. 13, pp. 47–48). TDV Yayınları.
- Hurley, P. J. (2000). A Concise Introduction to Logic. Thomson/Wadsworth.
- Husserl, E. (1970). The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology: An Introduction to Phenomenological Philosophy. Northwestern University Press.
- Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. (p. 499). Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
- Kant, I. (1991). The Metaphysics of Morals. Cambridge University Press.
- Kant, I. (2003). The Critique of Pure Reason. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/4280/4280-h/4280-h.htm
- Locke, J. (1999). An Essay Concerning Humane Understanding. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/10615/10615-h/10615-h.htm
- MacIntyre, A. C. (2007). After virtue: A study in moral theory (Third edition). University of Notre Dame Press.
- McDowell, J. H. (1996). Mind and World (1. Harvard Univ. Press paperback ed., 8. print). Harvard Univ. Press.
- Merleau-Ponty, M. (1962). Phenomenology of Perception (C. Smith, Trans.). Routledge.
- Mikhail, J. (2007). Moral Cognition and Computational Theory. In W. Sinnott-Armstrong (Ed.), Moral Psychology, Volume 3: The Neuroscience of Morality: Emotion, Brain Disorders, and Development (pp. 81–91). MIT Press.
- Moore, G. E. (1976). Principia Ethica. Cambridge University Press. http://archive.org/details/principiaethica53430gut
- Nasr, S. H. (2007). İslam Bilimi Nedir? In M. Armağan (Ed.), , İslam ve Bilim Tartışmaları (pp. 43–54). Etkileşim Yayınları.
- Plantinga, A. (2000). Warranted Christian Belief. Oxford University Press.
- Plato. (2008a). Meno. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1643/1643-h/1643-h.htm
- Plato. (2008b). Phaedo. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1658/1658-h/1658-h.htm
- Plato. (2008c). Theaetetus. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1726/1726-h/1726-h.htm
- Polanyi, M. (1966). The Tacit Dimension. Doubleday. https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo6035368.html
- Ricoeur, P. (1992). Oneself as Another (K. Blamey, Trans.). University of Chicago Press. https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/O/bo3647498.html
- Ryle, G. (2009). The concept of mind. Routledge.
- Taylan, N. (1992). Bilgi. In Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Ansiklopedisi (Vol. 6, pp. 157–161). TDV Yayınları.
- Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjf9vz4