What Is Religion to A State? An Interpretive Essay from the Perspective of Ahl as-Sunnah
In this paper, the meanings ascribed to religion in a social union by Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī Ibn Muḥammad al-Māwardī (972-1058), an influential actor in establishing the perspectives of Ahl as-Sunnah on a State, were discussed. While doing so, first of all, the importance of al-Māwardī in the thought of the Ahl as-Sunnah state was mentioned. The study has two main purposes: To show that the understanding of human, which is the basis of al-Māwardī's thoughts, is effective in the formation of his ideas about the state, and to show that his understanding of human is supported by some experimental studies today and the same understanding of human is accepted today. Any events and construes made on human-related phenomena are centered around the construer’s beliefs about the nature of human beings. Al-Māwardī, who was a key figure in shaping the views of Ahl as-Sunnah on the State, was also a definitive factor in his pubic-related views on religion and the State. He considered human beings as self-centered, prone to evil, and an entity that should be steered towards good, and structured his view of the State and religion according to this idea. Our other purpose is to determine the place where religion corresponds to al-Māwardī thought. According to him, religion benefits the State in providing social reconciliation, metaphysical deterrent, and legitimacy.
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