AccScience Publishing / BIJP / Volume 12 / Issue 2 / DOI: 10.18491/beytulhikme.1884
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RESEARCH ARTICLE

George Berkeley and David Hume's Criticisms of John Locke's Concept of Substance 

Rojan Çiltepe1
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1 İnönü Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Felsefe Programı, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
BIJP 2022, 12(2), 337–391; https://doi.org/10.18491/beytulhikme.1884
Received: 26 November 2021 | Published online: 25 January 2022
© 2022 by the Authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution -Noncommercial 4.0 International License (CC-by the license) ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ )
Abstract

Locke, the leading representative of British empiricism, uses the term substance in two different senses in his epistemology. One of them is the substance, which is the sum of the qualities, while the other is the substance, which means the support (substratum), but unknown, of these qualities. Substance, which is the sum of qualities, means the reality of objects. The most talked about thing is substance as support. Locke argues that we have ideas of this substance, albeit blurred, but that we cannot fully indicate its existence. Locke's understanding of this substance has been highly criticized by Berkeley and Hume, who are in the same philosophical tradition. While Berkeley acts from the assumption that “to exist is to be perceived” (esse est percipi), Hume puts the thesis that “we cannot have an idea of what does not have an impression.” Therefore, both philosophers try to refute Locke's claims about substance within the framework of his epistemological assumptions based on empiricism. In this article, the substance understandings of three important British philosophers within the same philosophical tradition will be examined in the context of the aforementioned assumptions, and it will be argued that Berkeley and Hume have a more consistent epistemological argumentation.

 

Keywords
Locke
Berkeley
Hume
substance
idea.
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Beytulhikme An International Journal of Philosophy, Print ISSN: 1303-8303, Published by AccScience Publishing