A Myth Example in Polis Construction: Ring of Gyges
The Republic is one of the dialogues in which mythos-logos tension is felt in the idea of Plato. Plato uses his philosophical arguments to strengthen them against mythos, sometimes changing them and sometimes reconsidering them. Gyges is also one of the myths expressed based on the discussion of justice. Glaucon, who did not see enough of what Socrates said in the debate on justice, takes over the discussion where Thrasymakhos left off. Glaucon, who thinks justice is nothing but fear of injustice, believes that no one will want justice just for himself. That would explain his argument with the Gyges myth. Gyges is also found in other sources before the Republic dialogue. The most famous of these is in the first volume of Herodotos' History. The similarities between the two narratives suggest that Plato is aware of this text. Glaucon's Gyges story is a myth about the shepherd who stumbled upon a ring inside the ground crevice and became king using the invisibility of the ring. The shepherd kills the king with the invisibility ring, marries the queen and becomes king. So for Glaucon, justice is an act of fear. Socrates opposes this myth expressed by Glaucon throughout the entire dialogue, sometimes with philosophical arguments and sometimes with other myths. It is said that the ideal site and philosopher-king are opposite the Gyges. In this sense, Gyges is a myth for justice and a basic narrative for the perfect polis construction.
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