Author :
Abstract
Bilim felsefesi çalışmalarında kabaca iki anlayış mevcuttur; Bilimin epistemolojisi ve Bilim metafiziği. Bilim metafiziği alanında doğa yasaları, nedensellik, zaman, uzam gibi kavramlar incelenmektedir. Bu çalışmada bilim metafiziği içindeki önemli konulardan biri olan doğa yasaları incelenmiştir. Büyük çerçeveden bakarsak doğa yasaları konusunda üç önemli bakış açısı vardır; Düzenlilik Teorisi (Regularity Theory), Gereklilik (Nomic Necessitation) ve Fıtratsal Özcülük (Dispositional Essentialism). Düzenlilik teorisinde David Lewis’in görüşleri incelenmiş, Gereklilik bölümünde David Armstrong’un ileri sürdüğü iddialar irdelenmiş ve son olarak fıtratsal özcülük kısmında ise Alexander Bird’ün ifadeleri diğer iki görüş ile karşılaştırılarak tartışılmıştır.
Keywords
Abstract
There are roughly two main understanding in philosophy of science: Epistemology of Science and Metaphysics of Science. It is examined that some concept such as Laws of Nature, Causation, Time and Space into the metaphysics of Science. In this paper, it has been studied laws of nature which is one the most important subjects in metaphysics of science. Let’s think outside the box, there are three significant views about laws of nature; Regularity Theory, Necessita-tion Theory and Dispositional Essential views. It has been worked the views of David Lewis in regularity theory. In the section of nomic necessitation we have been scrutinised the arguments put forward by David Armstrong and finally the last section; it has been discussed Al-exander Bird’s views of dispositional essentialism comparing with the other two aspects.
Keywords
- Armstrong, D. (1983). What is a Law of Nature? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Bird, A. (1998). Philosophy of Science. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
- Bird, A. (2004). Antidotes All The Way Down?.Theoria, 19. 259-269.
- Bird, A. (2005). The Dispositionalist Conception of Laws. Foundations of Science, 10: 353-370.
- Bird, A. (2007). Nature’s Metaphysics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Ellis, B. & Lierse, C. (1994). Dispositional Essentialism. Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 72: 27-45. Hume, D. (2007). A Treatise of Human Nature (ed. D. F. Norton & M. J. Norton). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Hume, D. (2000). An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (ed. T. L. Beau- champ). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Lewis, D. (1973). Counterfactuals. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing.
- Lewis, D. (1999). Papers in Metaphysics and Epistemology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Psillos, S. (2002). Causation and Explanation. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University
- Tooley, M. (1977). The Nature of Laws. Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 7: 667-698.
- Van Fraassen, B. C. (1989). Laws and Symmetry. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
